Ericsson first again to launch world commercial 5G New Radio (NR)

 
Swedish communication technology and services giant Ericsson announced it would launch the worlds first commercial 5G New Radio (NR) incorporating multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology and multi-user MIMO, with the first deployments coming in 2017.

Together with the Ericsson 5G Plug-Ins announced in June this year and its commercially available Radio System Baseband 5216 — which currently powers Ericsson’s award-winning Radio Test Bed — the company is first to deliver all components of a 5G access network, it said in a statement.

“We are introducing the new hardware that 5G Plug-Ins will run on so that the first operators can start to deploy 5G infrastructure. We are also launching innovations that improve both the performance and efficiency of today’s networks using concepts that will evolve into 5G,” informed Arun Bansal, Head of Business Unit Network Products, Ericsson.

The “AIR 6468” 5G radio combines advanced antennas with a large number of steerable ports to enable 5G technologies of beamforming, Massive MIMO and multi-user MIMO.

“As we accelerate toward 5G, it’s beneficial to have a flexible radio platform that can be deployed not only for LTE, but also versions of future 5G NR standards,” said Tom Keathley, Senior Vice President, Wireless Network Architecture and Design, AT&T.

These capabilities improve user experience while enhancing the capacity and coverage of the network and reducing interference. The new radio provides LTE support as well.

“Massive-MIMO, also known as 3D MIMO, is an important milestone in China Mobile’s technology roadmap from 4G to 5G. We are happy that Ericsson’s new radio product is coming to market soon to meet our needs and enable us to integrate 5G technologies into our existing networks,” added Huang Yuhong, Deputy Head, China Mobile Research Institute (CMRI).

To support new network builds, Ericsson has also created the industry’s first Industrialised Network Rollout Services solution.

Source:IndianExpress

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Wi-Fi latest Standards -802.11n

Wi-Fi Alliance logo (Photo credit: Wikipedia)802.11n:
IEEE released the first Wi-Fi standard in 1997 and has since adopted 802.11a, b, g, and n versions. 802.11n, approved in 2009, operates in the 2.4- and 5-GHz frequency bands and offers a theoretical maximum throughput of 150 Mbits per second per data stream.

Although IEEE 802.11n was released more than two years ago, Wi-Fi equipment has not advanced enough to use all of the approach’s capabilities.

Multiple data streams
802.11n is designed to work with multiple-input, multiple-output technology. MIMO increases throughput by using multiple antennas on both transmitters and receivers, enabling more than one data stream.
IEEE 802.11n allows up to four data streams at a time by enabling the use of four antennas on the transmitter and four on the receiver, a configuration known as 4 × 4. This would yield a theoretical maximum data rate of 600 Mbps per chip (150 Mbps per data stream), and increase the maximum transmission range.

Vendors such as Qualcomm have announced chips that enable 4 × 4 but haven’t shipped any products yet, noted Craig Mathias, founder of the Farpoint Group, a wireless communications advisory firm.

Numerous vendors, such as Hewlett-Packard, have released 3 × 3 systems already, though, for use in products such as APs. These chips let the APs either offer 50 percent more bandwidth or handle 50 percent
more clients at the same bandwidth than products offering just two data streams.

Beam forming
802.11n enables Wi-Fi to use beam forming to improve performance. With this technique, the Wi-Fi infrastructure sends out multiple signals and analyzes client feedback to determine the optimal path that signals should take to reach the client. It then shapes the signal beam appropriately.
Vendors are selling equipment for large corporations that use beam forming, said Mathias, but the approaches are typically proprietary.

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LTE Key Features in Short

English: LTE logo (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 LTE Key Features in Short

• Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
  • Less critical AMP efficiency in BS side
  • Concerns on high RX complexity in terminal side
• Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA)
  • Less critical RX complexity in BS side
  • Critical AMP complexity in terminal side (Cost, power Consumption, UL coverage)
• Single node RAN (eNB)
• Support FDD (frame type 1) & TDD (frame type 2 for TD-SCDMA evolution) H-FDD MS
• User data rates
  • DL (baseline): 150.8 Mbps @ 20 MHz BW w/ 2x2 SU-MIMO
  • UL (baseline): 75.4 Mbps @ 20 MHz BW w/ non-MIMO or 1x2 MU-MIMO
• Radio frame: 10 ms (= 20 slots), Sub-frame: 1 ms (= 2 slots), Slot: 0.5 ms 
• TTI: 1 ms
• HARQ
  • Incremental redundancy is used as the soft combining strategy.
  • Retransmission time: 8 ms.
• Modulation
  • DL/UL data channel = QPSK/16QAM/64QAM.
• Hard handover-based mobility.
• MIMO SM (Spatial Multiplexing), Beamforming, Antenna Diversity Min requirement: 2 eNB antennas & 2 UE rx antennas.
  
  • DL: Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable, MU-MIMO.
  • UL: MU-MIMO.
• Resource block
  • 12 subcarriers with subcarrier BW of 15kHz  ->  “180kHz”.
  • 24 subcarriers with subcarrier BW of 7.5kHz (only for MBMS).
• Subcarrier operation
  • Frequency selective by localized subcarrier.
  • Frequency diversity by distributed subcarrier & frequency hopping.
• Frequency hopping
  • Intra-TTI: UL (once per 0.5ms slot), DL (once per 66us symbol).
  • Inter-TTI: across retransmissions.
• Bearer services
  • Packet only –no circuit switched voice or data services are supported.
  • Voice must use VoIP or CS-Fallback .
• MBSFN
  • Multicast/Broadcast over a Single Frequency Network.
  • To support a Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast System (MBMS).
  • Time-synchronized common waveform is transmitted from multiple cells for a given duration.
  • The signal at MS will appear exactly as a signal transmitted from a single cell site and subject o multi-path.
  • Not only “improve the received signal strength”but also “eliminate inter-cell interference”.

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Wi-Fi Underwater

Have you ever imagined using a Wifi underwater?  Well this has been made a reality by a Swedish Defence Research Agency. They have deployed an underwater wireless system to predict weather conditions, volcanoes and earthquakes. This technology is economical, advanced and transmit data at a much higher rate as compared to the traditional echo technology.

Since sensors require cabling underwater which is expensive, this wireless technology provides the best option. Acoustic waves can be used to transmit data underwater similar to the Wi-Fi in the air, more lower the frequency of acoustic waves the more distance they travel. Another research is being carried out by Dr Rosa Zheng at University of Missouri-Columbia regarding the wireless transmission underwater and she plans to make use of MIMO technology facilitating higher transmission. She says:
“MIMO technology provides some challenges because you’re sending a signal at the same time, using the same frequency band, theory proves that it’s feasible, but we’re still trying to figure out how you separate those signals at the receiver.”
The challenge is to overcome the distortions underwater like the bouncing of waves by the surface, unwanted echo and constant surging of sound waves. Geoffrey Edelmann and his team from U.S. Naval Research Laboratory have developed a system to predict the acoustics underwater and plan to add enhancements to it.
With this rapid development in wireless technology, the day is not far when you can access internet underwater.
Source:Internet

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