Telecommunications networks are not built from technologies that are individually specified by each
service provider. If they were, imagine how hard it would be to connect from one service provider to
the next! The logical solution is to have a universal organization (or organizations) specifying transmission
methods that are universally applicable to all service providers. One of these bodies is the
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
formally known as CCITT. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions
and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide
basis.
Many telecommunication networks use network elements that are specified by ITU-T Recommendations.
The Advanced Network Tester (ANT-20) recognizes these Recommendations and carries out measurements
to qualify them. This note will directly quote Recommendations from ITU-T and then apply them
to practical applications performed on the ANT-20.
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