Presentation describes the basics of Next Generation SDH Technology.
http://www.slideshare.net/madhuvarsha/ngsdh
Read more...
http://www.slideshare.net/madhuvarsha/ngsdh
Showing posts with label Basic telecom. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Basic telecom. Show all posts
Friday, May 10, 2013
Sunday, September 25, 2011
A World Map of the Undersea Internet Cables
A Wikipedia entry states that only 1% of Internet data and voice traffic is transmitted through satellite links while the remaining 99% is still carried by undersea cables spread across the world’s oceans. This explains why Internet services get disrupted when these undersea cables are damaged due to passing ships or in the event of an undersea earthquake.
You should also check the recently updated Submarine Map which gives some good idea about the physical routes of these cables lying under the sea bed. This is an interactive map so you can zoom-in or click on any particular colored cable to know about their respective owners. Fascinating stuff.
Read more...
You should also check the recently updated Submarine Map which gives some good idea about the physical routes of these cables lying under the sea bed. This is an interactive map so you can zoom-in or click on any particular colored cable to know about their respective owners. Fascinating stuff.
Monday, July 19, 2010
ITU-T G.8261/Y.1361
ITU-T G.8261/Y.1361 pdf
This Recommendation defines synchronization aspects in packet networks. It specifies the
maximum network limits of jitter and wander that shall not be exceeded. It specifies the minimum
equipment tolerance to jitter and wander that shall be provided at the boundary of these packet
networks at TDM interfaces. It also outlines the minimum requirements for the synchronization
function of network elements.
Read more...
This Recommendation defines synchronization aspects in packet networks. It specifies the
maximum network limits of jitter and wander that shall not be exceeded. It specifies the minimum
equipment tolerance to jitter and wander that shall be provided at the boundary of these packet
networks at TDM interfaces. It also outlines the minimum requirements for the synchronization
function of network elements.
Sunday, July 18, 2010
Friday, July 16, 2010
Charge Your Mobile Phones…As You Ride! By Nokia
With this pioneering idea, Nokia is not only targeting emerging markets, but also the developed countries where bicycles are increasingly used as a cheaper means of transport. It is indeed apparent that Nokia does not eye technology as a marketing tool but consider it a strategy aimed at empowering the world.
The Kit will supply free and environment-friendly electricity for the mobile phones. The unit comprises of a charger, a dynamo, and a holder to secure the phone with the bike. The Dynamo is basically a small electrical generator which is driven by the bike wheels to charge the handset through the non-standard 2mm charging jack used in most Nokia mobile phones. It is said that the charging time is speed dependant, but on an estimate, a cyclist riding for 10 minute at 6mph (or 10 km/h) will generate sufficient power for 28 minutes of talk time or 37 hours of standby time. In fact, for effective charging, a speed of around 4 mph (6 kph) should be maintained.
The pedal-powered-charger is uncovered at the Nokia Global Entry launch in Nairobi, Kenya, which undoubtedly assures an increase in the number of Nokia mobile phone users there. By the end of the year, it will be available in the Ugandan market as well.
Nokia chose Kenya for the launch, as the product is initially aimed at emerging markets and places where electricity is inadequate, unpredictable or costly. Nokia is also seeking to extend the eco-friendly technology in the near future.
Indian Investor Fuels Pakistani Guns
Our previous article on “Vopium” uncovered some exceptional features of this VoIP platform making all Pakistani’s proud with this stupendous initiative by Tanveer Shareef. Due to the novel services of Vopium it has received an investment of $ 16.5 million by an international telecommunication investor Raghuvinder Kataria one of the early investor of Bharti Airtel. Bharti Airtel is considered to be among world’s largest mobile companies. This has provided Vopium an opportunity for a vast international exposure.
There are presently 4000 downloads of this software everyday with around 250,000 users in 49 countries with the rise of 30% users a month. Vopium offers calls at very low rates with the ability to communicate with Skype, Facebook, Twitter, MSN and Google Talk. It has special packages for Pakistan. This deal expects to have almost 10 million Vopium users in future.
Vopium has established itself as a very strong competitor in the VoIP market competing with softwares like Skype. It has created its name by providing unsurpassed VoIP services with the optimum conversation quality.
Raghuvinder Kataria says:
"Vopium has developed its own new market. The ground-breaking technology will reach millions of users all over the world in the next few years. Our expectations are reflected by the significant amount of money that we have invested in the company and we expect 10 million Vopium users in a few years. We believe that the market demands an alternative mobile solution to Skype and the fast market penetration of smartphones opens up new and more intelligent ways of communication. Vopium’s solution is unique because it offers the best conversation quality and is easy to use.”
Read more...
There are presently 4000 downloads of this software everyday with around 250,000 users in 49 countries with the rise of 30% users a month. Vopium offers calls at very low rates with the ability to communicate with Skype, Facebook, Twitter, MSN and Google Talk. It has special packages for Pakistan. This deal expects to have almost 10 million Vopium users in future.
Vopium has established itself as a very strong competitor in the VoIP market competing with softwares like Skype. It has created its name by providing unsurpassed VoIP services with the optimum conversation quality.
Raghuvinder Kataria says:
"Vopium has developed its own new market. The ground-breaking technology will reach millions of users all over the world in the next few years. Our expectations are reflected by the significant amount of money that we have invested in the company and we expect 10 million Vopium users in a few years. We believe that the market demands an alternative mobile solution to Skype and the fast market penetration of smartphones opens up new and more intelligent ways of communication. Vopium’s solution is unique because it offers the best conversation quality and is easy to use.”
Thursday, July 15, 2010
ITU-T G.812
ITU-T G.812 pdf
Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks
This Recommendation outlines minimum requirements for timing devices used as node clocks in synchronization networks. The function of a node clock is to select one of the external synchronization links coming into a telecommunications station as the active synchronization reference, to attenuate its jitter and wander and subsequently to distribute the reference to the telecommunication equipment in the station. The requirements in this Recommendation apply under the normal environmental conditions specified for telecommunications equipment.
This Recommendation specifies node clocks suitable for use in SDH and PSTN network applications. They may provide acceptable performance for other applications, but that has to be investigated for each case individually.In normal operation, a node clock is operating as a slave clock, traceable to a primary reference clock. For purposes of redundancy, a node clock will in general have multiple reference inputs. In the event that all links between the master(s) and the node clock fail, the node clock should be capable of maintaining operation within prescribed performance limits (the hold-over mode of operation).
A node clock can be a separate piece of equipment called a Stand Alone Synchronization Equipment (SASE) or it can be a part of another equipment such as a telephony exchange or an SDH cross-connect.
Read more...
Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks
This Recommendation outlines minimum requirements for timing devices used as node clocks in synchronization networks. The function of a node clock is to select one of the external synchronization links coming into a telecommunications station as the active synchronization reference, to attenuate its jitter and wander and subsequently to distribute the reference to the telecommunication equipment in the station. The requirements in this Recommendation apply under the normal environmental conditions specified for telecommunications equipment.
This Recommendation specifies node clocks suitable for use in SDH and PSTN network applications. They may provide acceptable performance for other applications, but that has to be investigated for each case individually.In normal operation, a node clock is operating as a slave clock, traceable to a primary reference clock. For purposes of redundancy, a node clock will in general have multiple reference inputs. In the event that all links between the master(s) and the node clock fail, the node clock should be capable of maintaining operation within prescribed performance limits (the hold-over mode of operation).
A node clock can be a separate piece of equipment called a Stand Alone Synchronization Equipment (SASE) or it can be a part of another equipment such as a telephony exchange or an SDH cross-connect.
Analysis: Mobile Video Traffic Overloading
Why watch your favorite shows on TV when your mobile is there? Mobile TV is rather not a new name but its gaining ultimate heights apparently with many channels and online video sites going mobile. This has laid a huge responsibility on the carriers to manage Qos like video compression and optimization to maintain traffic.
The Cisco Visual Network Index has predicted that mobile data traffic will double every year and till 2014 mobile video makes up to 66% of the mobile traffic.
It is also expected that mobile TV users will rise to 450 million in 2014 from 250 million in 2010. There are several mobile TV services like the recent Hulu, Youtube, Go TV, VCast, Sprint TV and CV with many online video sites are in the pipeline to go mobile. Vendors like Ventrix, Openwave and Ortiva have come up with solutions to manage mobile video traffic.
It’s now the role of the carriers of how they will manage this ever growing mobile traffic enabling high quality content since the mobile video traffic will burst out as expected.
Read more...
The Cisco Visual Network Index has predicted that mobile data traffic will double every year and till 2014 mobile video makes up to 66% of the mobile traffic.
It is also expected that mobile TV users will rise to 450 million in 2014 from 250 million in 2010. There are several mobile TV services like the recent Hulu, Youtube, Go TV, VCast, Sprint TV and CV with many online video sites are in the pipeline to go mobile. Vendors like Ventrix, Openwave and Ortiva have come up with solutions to manage mobile video traffic.
It’s now the role of the carriers of how they will manage this ever growing mobile traffic enabling high quality content since the mobile video traffic will burst out as expected.
accenture ::Network Security :: TelephonicI nterview
We are looking for many candidates :: Network Security :: please refer below in this mail for ............... permanent roll.
1.:Network Security :: ( Exp 8 Yrs to 12 Yrs). (Position In Bangalore)
Kindly send your latest updated cvs with below details asap so that we process it further:
Full Name:
Present Location:
Present Company Name:
Total IT Exp:
Relevant Exp:
Primary skills:
Primary Role/Job at present company:
which role/requirement you would like to prefer (please rever below in this mail):
Any Other skills:
Any certifications:
Qualifications (Full time Graduation is required):
DOB:
Contact No.:
Present Salary:
Expected Salary:
Total Team Size:
Total Onsite Exp:
Notice Period:
Willing to attend telephonic round of interview (Y/N):
Kindly send your cvs amresh@sourceone.co.in asap so that we process it further.
Also refer us few of your collegue and friends who would be interested for this.
Regards,
Amresh
Source One Management Services Pvt. Ltd.
www.sourceone.co.in
Read more...
1.:Network Security :: ( Exp 8 Yrs to 12 Yrs). (Position In Bangalore)
Kindly send your latest updated cvs with below details asap so that we process it further:
Full Name:
Present Location:
Present Company Name:
Total IT Exp:
Relevant Exp:
Primary skills:
Primary Role/Job at present company:
which role/requirement you would like to prefer (please rever below in this mail):
Any Other skills:
Any certifications:
Qualifications (Full time Graduation is required):
DOB:
Contact No.:
Present Salary:
Expected Salary:
Total Team Size:
Total Onsite Exp:
Notice Period:
Willing to attend telephonic round of interview (Y/N):
Kindly send your cvs amresh@sourceone.co.in asap so that we process it further.
Also refer us few of your collegue and friends who would be interested for this.
Regards,
Amresh
Source One Management Services Pvt. Ltd.
www.sourceone.co.in
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Optical Networking And Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) pdf
Optical Networking And Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) pdf
This paper deals with the twin concepts of optical networking and dense wavelength division multiplexing. The paper talks about the various optical network architectures and the various components of an all-optical network like Optical Amplifiers, Optical Add/Drop Multiplexors, Optical Splitters etc. Important optical networking concepts like wavelength routing and wavelength conversion are explained in detail. Finally this paper deals with industry related issues like the gap between research and the industry, current and projected market for optical networking & DWDM equipment and future direction of research in this field.
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_toKQcO1WYcFQockbPi7Rh2Pv_yqYf4Qx-9M4GcgCtt0DYN2khlogr3hywh2odocA_IV1EKo157YLHftXAUziQEpD2ax4-MYq2F5jov0zuFzJ-rKxL0uic6lR4LmpDQIUEFhcQU3YzyZfM3wF3_E3R7=s0-d)
Read more...
This paper deals with the twin concepts of optical networking and dense wavelength division multiplexing. The paper talks about the various optical network architectures and the various components of an all-optical network like Optical Amplifiers, Optical Add/Drop Multiplexors, Optical Splitters etc. Important optical networking concepts like wavelength routing and wavelength conversion are explained in detail. Finally this paper deals with industry related issues like the gap between research and the industry, current and projected market for optical networking & DWDM equipment and future direction of research in this field.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Dimensioning of LTE Network-White Paper
Dimensioning of LTE Network pdf
Description of Models and Tool, Coverage and Capacity Estimation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution-
radio interface
Read more...
Description of Models and Tool, Coverage and Capacity Estimation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution-
radio interface
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
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Friday, September 25, 2009
Thursday, September 24, 2009
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
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Tuesday, September 15, 2009
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Sunday, August 23, 2009
SDH_Pocket_Guide
sdh_Pocket_Guide PDF
Contents
-Introduction 1
-What is the situation in the ªsynchronousº market? 4
-Why SDH? 6
-The synchronous digital hierarchie in terms of a layer model 10
-What are the components of a synchronous network? 12
-The STM-1 frame format 16
-How are PDH and ATM signals transported by SDH? 20
-What is the difference between SDH and SONET? 23
-Pointer procedures 26
-AU-4 contiguous concatenation 30
-AU-4 virtual concatenation 32
-Transmission at higher hierarchy levels 33
-Error and alarm monitoring 34
-Automatic protection switching 39
-Synchronization 44
-TMN in the SDH network 47
-SDH measurement tasks 50
-Sensor tests 52
--APS time measurement 53
Performance analysis 55
-Tandem Connection Monitoring 58
-Jitter measurements 59
-Overview of current ITU-T Recommendations 64
-Abbreviations 67![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_ty0rSndXvzwb9qx6KtfvXHO1e8Iz4LOZXnB7BhE39-b3-Y3jKaWD6JJygWzW4oe4gqdK4Gd2nYvhRvMhPdmwq23Alkx-QIhxsE6w-WEbCmc3HV9oiOZuzrBKmxFxLyjHYqkXRwoqJDaJbh5RPD5jk=s0-d)
Read more...
Contents
-Introduction 1
-What is the situation in the ªsynchronousº market? 4
-Why SDH? 6
-The synchronous digital hierarchie in terms of a layer model 10
-What are the components of a synchronous network? 12
-The STM-1 frame format 16
-How are PDH and ATM signals transported by SDH? 20
-What is the difference between SDH and SONET? 23
-Pointer procedures 26
-AU-4 contiguous concatenation 30
-AU-4 virtual concatenation 32
-Transmission at higher hierarchy levels 33
-Error and alarm monitoring 34
-Automatic protection switching 39
-Synchronization 44
-TMN in the SDH network 47
-SDH measurement tasks 50
-Sensor tests 52
--APS time measurement 53
Performance analysis 55
-Tandem Connection Monitoring 58
-Jitter measurements 59
-Overview of current ITU-T Recommendations 64
-Abbreviations 67
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
Sunday, August 16, 2009
DWDM Pocket Guide
DWDM Pocket Guide pdf
With today’s seemingly limitless demand for transmission
capacity, service providers often cope with extreme fiber usage
and exhaust across significant portions of their networks.
Anenormousamount ofbandwidth capacity is thereforeneeded
to provide the services required by customers. The expansion
of existing links calls for simple, cost effective solutions that
cause minimum disruption to working systems.
The telecommunications industryhas so far met these needs
by using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
systems. In allowing both new and existing fiber optic links
to carry several channels simultaneously, DWDM can optimize
the use of current facilities whilst offering greater capacities
for the future.
Networkoperators are also faced with the challenge ofhaving
to integrate multiple technologies for the transmission of
diverse services in a physical layer infrastructure.
Voice transmission, e-mail, video and multimedia data are
just some examples of services which can be simultaneously
transmitted in DWDM systems, regardless of their transmission
formats which include synchronous optical network(SONET),
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), asynchronous transfer
mode (ATM), internet protocol (IP), packet over SONET/SDH
(PoS) or gigabit ethernet (GigE).
Unlike previous systems however, the planning, installation,
and maintenance ofDWDM networksdemands thatmuch
closer attention be paid to a number of performance
limiting parameters.
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uejf8JIt8NCYnzYeW3BSw2_7qr_HAcayjdrVBq_0MTrGJPnZbHzZBXF8HF5cnAQGaThQi3clBhMnkadVVh5g62skw_Oai0sEU_gHF61cByc08_HWAp34KlJEETUQ1FdrEj1dYEcQsh9u1hNTrPnYjy=s0-d)
Read more...
With today’s seemingly limitless demand for transmission
capacity, service providers often cope with extreme fiber usage
and exhaust across significant portions of their networks.
Anenormousamount ofbandwidth capacity is thereforeneeded
to provide the services required by customers. The expansion
of existing links calls for simple, cost effective solutions that
cause minimum disruption to working systems.
The telecommunications industryhas so far met these needs
by using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
systems. In allowing both new and existing fiber optic links
to carry several channels simultaneously, DWDM can optimize
the use of current facilities whilst offering greater capacities
for the future.
Networkoperators are also faced with the challenge ofhaving
to integrate multiple technologies for the transmission of
diverse services in a physical layer infrastructure.
Voice transmission, e-mail, video and multimedia data are
just some examples of services which can be simultaneously
transmitted in DWDM systems, regardless of their transmission
formats which include synchronous optical network(SONET),
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), asynchronous transfer
mode (ATM), internet protocol (IP), packet over SONET/SDH
(PoS) or gigabit ethernet (GigE).
Unlike previous systems however, the planning, installation,
and maintenance ofDWDM networksdemands thatmuch
closer attention be paid to a number of performance
limiting parameters.
Friday, July 17, 2009
Mobile IP Technology for M-Business-ebook
http://www.4shared.com/file/118534734/8ddb07c1/Artech_House_-_Mobile_IP_Technology_for_M-Business.html
The ultimate purpose of this book is to give the reader a comprehensive,
end-to-end account of mobile data. In particular, it aims to explain the
technology that allows services available to users of the Internet and corporate
networks to be continually provided as they roam from one place
to another
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tiHekMYqH4h9cUFvoX8nE9MY-bnAhG6f7QVStYlYvRMKYnouDcPna9GtkMWq0ZZ5BYNtQLhY7JuR__dXZ84gh__bLB44aBrIHbedAjqdU6lIr3MzQO2_Mqb6qIppSrOZNWcGWQdM8xso3HPwAOiiKO=s0-d)
Read more...
The ultimate purpose of this book is to give the reader a comprehensive,
end-to-end account of mobile data. In particular, it aims to explain the
technology that allows services available to users of the Internet and corporate
networks to be continually provided as they roam from one place
to another
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